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1 . S p e c i f i c C h a l l e n g e
C o n t a m i n a t i o n o f s o i l s , s e d i m e n t s , g r o u n d a n d s u r f a c e w a t e r c a u s e d b y w a s t e r e s u l t i n g f r o m h u m a n a c t i o n a n d l e a k a g e i n t o w a t e r s o u r c e s i s a s e r i o u s p r o b l e m . T h i s p o l l u t i o n c o n t a i n s c o m p o u n d s h a v i n g t o x i c i t y a n d d u r a b i l i t y w hich creates important concerns from the health and environmental viewpoints. Moreover, it represents a significant economic burden for society.
In some standard remediation strategies, for example burying polluted soils in landfills, pollutants are not destroyed and the problem is merely postponed. Chemical remediation and the disposal of contaminated waste increase the health risk for workers. Bioremediation, which uses naturally occurring microorganisms, is a more sustainable and gentle alternative to physicochemical options.
Microorganisms have developed countless strategies to depollute their environment and to transform harmful environmental contaminants into harmless end products. However, the effectiveness of bioremediation faces a number of challenges, for instance the concentration of the contaminant, the combined biological activity of the microbial community over time and space and the consumption of energy.
2. Scope
Proposals will include research and innovation for efficient and low cost remediation strategies using microorganisms by means of bio-electromechanical systems or alternate systems that require minimum or zero external energy or chemicals. Innovative research will be proposed to ensure that an acceptable performance for field applications can be attained. Remediation will focus on hydrocarbons and their derivatives, metals, nutrients, antibiotics or micropollutants. Moreover, the system developed will encompass the removal of different contaminants, including complex ones, the remed @ B
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